Media During the Vietnam War

Media During the Vietnam War   Jenna Conley TTTC Argumentative Essay During the Vietnam War, television was just being introduced, meaning the citizens of the United States could see the war right in the comfort of their living rooms. However, the medias broadcasting of the Vietnam War was detrimental because it twisted the views of citizens, sparked protests, and ended innocent lives. Sometimes people even referred to it as the television war. It seemed as if life back at home was becoming as violent as life on the war front, but how violent? When television was first released about 9% of Americans had them in the early 1950s, but by 1966, about 93% of American homes had a television. The increase of television ownership happened about halfway through the Vietnam War, so it was one of the main topics of news channels in America. In order to get the full story, journalists and reporters had to go to Vietnam themselves, putting their lives in danger. It makes people wonder was it really worth it to go, and some got their answer when about 63 journalists and reporters died in Vietnam for what seemed like no reason. There has always been bias in the media, because everyone has opinions, including reporters. This however, can really get out of hand when citizens are being fed false information because somebody wanted to give their two cents. During the Vietnam war, there were plenty of opinions, whether it was supporting the war or not. Often times, considering it was war, there wasnt much good news, so many people developed a hatred towards the conflict. They started to blame the soldiers for what they were doing, but what is really fair to blame them considering they were just doing their jobs? It reached the point where the government started to censor certain news, and began to filter what the citizens were seeing on screen, so nobody could avoid the bias. Journalists and reporters were now able to take much more photographs and record video materials. As a consequence, the government had to face a big challenge in censoring all the new media for the first time (Rohn). Due to this increase in censoring, it started to spark protests in the United States, and even this resulted in more death than the war itself. Thich Quang Ducs name became famous when he set himself on fire, as a protest to the government for the persecution of Buddhists in South Vietnam, but this wasnt the only protest that came about because of the war. Like today, many protests are coming from college students because theyve reached a point where they are figuring out themselves, and their opinions. A large organization known as Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) played a large role in the anti-war protests. In May of 1970, at Kent State, there was a student protest happening, which ended violently when the guardsmen shot and killed four students. This all happened due to media bias making the citizens believe the government had no reason to be there. In reality however, it was only that the United States didnt make their intentions clear, despite having them. It makes some wonder however, why does the United States have to state their intentions if it is not entirely necessary? Maybe the intentions were not intende d to be shared. 63 or more reporters and journalists were killed in Vietnam. Naturally when the media gets ahold of this information, theyll bring a larger severity to the situation because it was their own colleagues, but did they have the right to alter the news just because of their own personal feelings? From the Cambodian Campaign, to the Battle of Quang Tri City, many journalists died, but for what cause? Getting out a story seems like it wasnt worth all the pain, especially if it cost a life. It wasnt just American journalists either. Reporters from France, Australia, and Japan alike where all reporting for their countries because citizens believed that their news was more important than a life. How could someone possible justify right and wrong in that situation though? It goes right back to personal opinion. It ends up just becoming one giant circle thats hard to break out of. This makes the media particularly harmful to the war and country alike. Could there be a good thing to come out of the media? Thats debatable, but it comes down to how it effects the majority of people, and from the looks of it, it doesnt seem too good. Although, some people could argue that the media was beneficial during the war. Now people could stay up to date on what it is that is happening over at Vietnam, and it was easier to see what it was that the government was doing. As stated earlier however, the ability to see what is happening every minute of every day might not be beneficial. It sparked violent protests, and was a large influence to the start of bias. This makes it almost impossible to argue that media was a good thing to come to the Vietnam war. So even though it all comes down to personal opinion and affect, nine out of ten peoples lives would show that not much benefit has come out of the media during the war. From death, to protests, to false information, bias played a huge role in the Vietnam war, much as it does today, and it seems that isnt going to change anytime soon.

Relation of Physical Education to the Personality Development of the Students Essay

According to Harrison (2005), in the field of human resource management, training and development is the field concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. It has been known by several names, including employee development, human resource development, and learning and development. According to Robbins and DeCenzo (2000), training has traditionally been defined as the process by which individuals change their skills, knowledge, attitudes, and/or behavior. In this context, training involves designing and supporting learning activities that result in a desired level of performance. In contrast, development typically refers to long-term growth and learning, directing attention more on what an individual may need to know or do at some future time. While training focuses more on current job duties or responsibilities, development points to future job responsibilities. However, sometimes these terms have been used interchangeably or have been denoted by the single term performance consulting, which emphasizes either the product of training and development or how individuals perform as a result of what they have learned. Training is an educational process. People can learn new information, re-learn and reinforce existing knowledge and skills, and most importantly have time to think and consider what new options can help them improve their effectiveness and performance at work. Effective trainings convey relevant and useful information that inform employees and develop skills and behaviors that can be transferred back to the workplace Robinson and Robinson (1999). The goal of training is to create an impact that lasts beyond the end time of the training itself. The focus is on creating specific action steps and commitments that focus people’s attention on incorporating their new skills and ideas back at work. Training can be offered as skill development for individuals and groups. In general, trainings involve presentation and learning of content as a means for enhancing skill development and improving workplace behaviors. These two processes, Training and Development, are often closely connected. Training can be used as a proactive means for developing skills and expertise to prevent problems from arising and can also be an effective tool in addressing any skills or performance gaps among staff. Development can be used to create solutions to workplace issues, before they become a concern or after they become identifiable problem. Development perspective examines the current environment, the present state, and helps people on a team, in a department and as part of an institution identify effective strategies for improving performance. In some situations, there may not be anything â€Å"wrong† at the present time; the group or manager may simply be seeking ways to continue to develop and enhance existing relationships and job performance. In other situations, there may be an identifiable issue or problem that needs to be addressed; the Development process aims to find ideas and solutions that can effectively return the group to a state of high performance. Development implies creating and sustaining change. Training and development describes the formal, ongoing efforts that are made within organizations to improve the performance and self-fulfillment of their employees through a variety of educational methods and programmed. In the modern workplace, these efforts have taken on a broad range of applications—from instruction in highly specific job skills to long-term professional development. In recent years, training and development has emerged as a formal business function, an integral element of strategy, and a recognized profession with distinct theories and methodologies. More and more companies of all sizes have embraced â€Å"continual learning† and other aspects of training and development is a process that â€Å"strives to build the capacity to achieve and sustain a new desired state that benefits the organization or community and the world around them†. Development perspective examines the current environment, the present state, and helps people on a team, in a department and as part of an institution identify effective strategies for improving performance. In some situations, there may not be anything â€Å"wrong† at the present time; the group or manager may simply be seeking ways to continue to develop and enhance existing relationships and job performance. In other situations, there may be an identifiable issue or problem that needs to be addressed; the Development process aims to find ideas and solutions that can effectively return the group to a state of high performance. Development implies creating and sustaining change Charnov, Garavan, Costine, and Heraty (2000). According to Marmer (1999), training and development describes the formal, ongoing efforts that are made within organizations to improve the performance and self-fulfillment of their employees through a variety of educational methods and programmed. In the modern workplace, these efforts have taken on a broad range of applications—from instruction in highly specific job skills to long-term professional development. In recent years, training and development has emerged as a formal business function, an integral element of strategy, and a recognized profession with distinct theories and methodologies. More and more companies of all sizes have embraced â€Å"continual learning† and other aspects of training and development as a means of promoting employee growth and acquiring a highly skilled work force. In fact, the quality of employees and the continual improvement of their skills and productivity through training are now widely recognized as vital factors in ensuring the long-term success and profitability of small businesses and in addition create a corporate cultu re that supports continual learning. For the most part, the terms â€Å"training† and â€Å"development† are used together to describe the overall improvement and education of an organization’s employees. However, while closely related, there are important differences between the terms that center on the scope of the application. In general, training programmed have very specific and quantifiable goals, like operating a particular piece of machinery, understanding a specific process, or performing certain procedures with great precision. According Ambler (2006), effective training and development begins with the overall strategy and objectives of the small business. The entire training process should be planned in advance with specific company goals in mind. In developing a training strategy, it may be helpful to assess the company’s customers and competitors, strengths and weaknesses, and any relevant industry or societal trends. The next step is to use this information to identify where training is needed by the organization as a whole or by individual employees. It may also be helpful to conduct an internal audit to find general areas that might benefit from training, or to complete a skills inventory to determine the types of skills employees possess and the types they may need in the future. Each different job within the company should be broken down on a task-by-task basis in order to help determine the content of the training program. According to Schwartz (2000), in measuring the effectiveness of train ing, researchers have typically relied upon the subjective reactions of participants (Baker & Titus, 1982; Heppner & Reeder, 1984; Pfaff, 1981; Pritchett, Clay, & Nichols, 1984; Twale & Muse, 1996; Upcraft & Pilato, 1982). Other measures that have been used previously include the performance of task activities within the context of training programmed (Baker & Titus, 1982; Forney, 1986) and follow-up questionnaires designed to assess trainees’ subsequent emotional states (Winston & Buckner, 1984) or their ability to apply programmed content to hypothetical situations similar to those encountered on the job (Schuh, Stage, & Westfall, 1991). With the exception of one study by up craft and Pilato (1982), in which ratings of job performance were used as a criterion, there appears to have been little or no published research dealing with the effects of training on actual job performance. Importance of Training and Development on Job Performance Training is one element many corpora tions consider when looking to advance people and offer promotions. Although many employees recognize the high value those in management place on training and development, some employees are still reluctant to be trained. Training and development offers more than just increased knowledge. It offers the added advantage of networking and drawing from others’ experiences therefore it is not uncommon to hear excuses regarding why someone has not received training. (Choo 2007) According to Bowley (2007), training in an organization can be mainly of two types; Internal and External training sessions. Internal training occurs when training is organized in-house by the Human resources department or training department using either a senior staff or any talented staff in the particular department as a resource person. On the other hand, External training is normally arranged outside the firm and is mostly organized by training institutes or consultants. Whichever training, it is very essential for all staff and helps in building career positioning and preparing staff for greater challenges. While the applications of training and development are as various as the functions and skills required by an organization, several common training applications can be distinguished, including technical training, sales training, clerical training, computer training, communications training, organizational development, career development, supervisory development and managemen t development. According to Mondy, R.W. and Adeniyi, (1995), is of the opinion that for every employee to perform well, there is the need for constant training and development. The right employee training, development and education provide big payoffs for the employer in increased productivity, knowledge, loyalty, and contribution to general growth of the firm. The reasons behind employee training and development cannot be overemphasized. Local According to Roberto G. Medina, training is regarded as an attempt to improve the employee’s ability to perform his job so the goals of the organization can be achieved. The person mainly responsible for training is the supervisor who is assisted in some ways by the personnel manager or the training director. The supervisor of the new employee is the best position to provide training. This is so because he knows what output his unit needs. In addition, the supervisor has the abilities, the skills, and the right attitude needed to be imparted to the new employee. According to Jose P. Leveriza, training starts before the employee walks through the door of the place of work for the first time. However, learning about the employer starts with the job advertisement and continues through the selection process. As a result ‘training’ in its widest sense could be deemed to have begun, albeit subliminally, several weeks, or even months, before a new employee is added to the payroll. It is important at this stage to make a clear delineation between training or development as a result of some initiative taken at work, and education that is undertaken before and is mutually exclusive to the work situation. Education at school, college or university may be undertaken as part of an individual’s development programme, but for the process of this discussion, achievements in these areas outside and prior to employment will be regarded as qualifications required to gain employment, and thus not within the employer’s control. According to Florence M. de Guia, training is ‘a planned process to modify attitude, knowledge or skill behavior through learning experience to achieve effective performance in an activity or range of activities. Its purpose, in the work situation, is to develop the abilities of the individual and to satisfy the current and future needs of the organization’. This is a wide-ranging remit, but the confusion with the education which has a more abstract, formal and lengthier connotation must be established at the outset. Related Studies Foreign The study conducted by Joseph Kennedy (2009) â€Å"The Impact of Training and Development to Job Performance†. The Judicial Service of Ghana as a Public Service Institution is the organ responsible for the day to day administration of the Courts and Tribunals of the land. To achieve the above function of the Judicial Service of Ghana, part of its budgetary allocation has been earmarked solely for training of judges, magistrates and judicial staff to enhance their capacity to perform their duties effectively and efficiently so as to achieve the vision and mission statements of the Service. To this effect, the judicial training institute which has the mandate to promote effective training of judges, magistrates and judicial staff, has over the years conducted and continue to provide training to judges, magistrates and judicial staff to build their capacity to perform their functions effectively. Notwithstanding the huge investment in training by the Judicial Service of Ghana, the service is confronted with a lot of challenges in achieving its vision and mission statements. These challenges include delays in the processing of court cases and the need to constantly upgrade the skills of judicial staff, judges and magistrates to cope with new trends in efficient justice delivery. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of the huge investment made in training on job performance of judicial staff. The researcher used both primary and secondary sources of for the conduct the research. The research findings revealed that the training conducted by the Judicial Service of Ghana for its employees was very negligible. The research further recommends that the frequency of Training provided by the Judicial Service of Ghana should be improved to ensure that more employees have access to Training and Development. Again, Training and Development offered by the J udicial Service of Ghana should ensure a better understanding of the Mission and Vision statement of the Judicial Service of Ghana so that, employees can identify themselves with the organizational values in the discharge of the duties. The study conducted by Ayesha Mirza (2010) â€Å"HR Process and Impact of Training and Development on Employee’s Performance at PSO† This project discusses research that was undertaken about the HR process and impact of training and development on employee’s performance at Pakistan State Oil. I have studied all the HR practices of the company but the main focus was to study the impact of training and development on employee’s performance in the company. A theoretical framework is developed from a literature search and this issued by me as a model for further research. I have collected data within this framework and analyzed it according to the requirements of the project. To collect the data required I have also visited regional office of PSO in Karachi and also collected data from several outlets of PSO. The web site of PSO is also used as source of data by the group. At PSO, they strongly believe that Human Resource is the asset that should be appreciate d with the passage of time. Consequently, PSO considers the strong focus on training and development of their employees a value added and worthwhile investment. Then, in the last by the detailed study of the impact of training and development practices used by the company some recommendations are made and on the basis of the analysis of company’s practices conclusions are drawn. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the methodology to be applied in. It covered the research design, respondents of the study, research instruments, and procedure in gathering the data, determined of sampling technique, and the statistical treatment. Research Design The researchers will use the descriptive design to find out and make a comparison of training and development and job performance of the newly hired employees of Card Mutually Reinforcing Institute and to determine the levels of training and development. The correlation design will also use to determine if there is a significant relationship between training and development and job performance. Population and Distribution of the Study The populations of the study are the newly hired employees of Card Mutually Reinforcing Institute in San Pablo City. The researcher selected fifty (50) newly hired employees in the said company by administering a self-made test questionnaires. The respondents randomly selected by the researchers by dividing them into two (2) batch , which consist of twenty five (25) member per batch by giving them thirty minutes allotted time to answer the provided questions given by the researchers. Research Instruments The researcher prepare self made test to measure the effectiveness of training and development to the job performance of the newly hired employees. The constructed test includes the profile factors such as age, gender and socio-economic status. Self- made Tests. These are the 15 item questionnaires made by the researcher which were use to measure the effectiveness of training and development to the job performance of the respondents. The questionnaires generally consist of general information and evaluation to test the effectiveness of training and development to the job performance of the employees. The questionnaires were then validated by the experts of the field. Research Procedure In order to get the necessary materials needed for the review of related literature and studies, the researchers visited different libraries namely San Pablo Colleges, City Library, University of the Philippines Los Banos and Colegio De San Juan De Letran. The researchers’ visit and surf different websites to gather more information and data to have a better understanding of the studies. The researchers made test questionnaires to determine the effectiveness of training and development to the job performance of the newly hired employees. The fifty (50) respondents of Card Mutually Reinforcing Institute divided into two batches for not to interrupt the workplace of the respondents. For gathering the data of the study, the researchers ask for their consent before making them as the respondent of the study. Also the researchers ask the respondents to answer the questionnaires with all their honest and sincerity. After the respondents have finish answering the questionnaires, the researchers will collect and sort it out and tabulate the scores then analyze and interpret it.

New Questions About Best Term Paper Writing Services Review Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report

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The Importance of Sharing Religious Rituals in the Home...

The Importance of Sharing Religious Rituals in the Home for Jewish Families The home is central to Judaism as it is the setting in which a husband and wife mature together and where children are taught about their religion through example and direct instruction. Both Orthodox and Liberal Jews will share rituals as a family at home but will not share the same attitudes and degree of discipline. This can lead to different behaviour. Sharing rituals in the home can bring a family closer together because they are spending time together and are unified by their faith. The Shabbat meal can bring the family together because the family are sharing the Challot and teaching and learning about their faith.†¦show more content†¦However, Shabbat may not strengthen a Jewish family but instead cause tension. This may be brought about by some family members, especially children and teenagers, not wanting to follow the Shabbat laws if they feel excluded from their friends. They may also resent the repetitiveness of the celebrating Shabbat every week. If the mother in a Jewish family grew to resent having to make such extensive preparations every week, this too could cause tension. Sharing this type of family ritual could become monotonous if performed weekly and I think I would come to feel anger towards my parents if they made me take part every week and stopped me from going out. On the other hand, spending time with your family may mean that you would get on better together and as I grew older I might come to appreciate their discipline towards these religious rituals. At Pesach, when Jews celebrate the Exodus from Egypt, the escape from slavery and the goodness of God for providing for them, all the family help with the preparations. The family remove all the chamez (leavened bread) from the house and make it into a game by hiding the pieces of bread. They also prepare the food for the Sedar meal and clean the house. 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Organizational Culture Toyota Motors - 1121 Words

Organizational culture is a major factor in determining the success of any organization. Every organization has its own special culture. This culture plays a major role in shaping an organization s beliefs, ideologies, principles and values that its employees share. The organizational is called strong when employees of an organization respond to stimulus because of their following to the organization s values and when the employees do things because they believe it is the right thing to do. On the other hand, the organizational culture considered weak when employees of an organization don t perform their work following the organization s values, and they do things because they have to do as a part of their job and power of authority. Toyota Motors is one of the world s biggest companies which believes that its culture and human resources are the reasons of its worldwide success. 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Critical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities Free Essays

string(66) " is implied with the reuniting of Lucie and her long lost father\." Chelsey Cardwell Dual Credit English 1/3/12 Mr. Burns A Literary Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities I. Introduction Charles Dickens’ twelfth novel, A Tale of Two Cities, was written to show all of the good and evil that was present during the French Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities or any similar topic only for you Order Now He uses the two main cities, London and Paris, to represent this, and then ties in a love story with many different symbols of good and evil such as Darnay and Carton, Madame Defarge and Miss Pross. In his novel, Dickens also shows both sides of the revolution with the peasants and the aristocracy. He expresses how they are both evil although the peasants are the people who we would be accustomed to feel pity for. An example of this is when the Marquis runs over a peasant boy in the streets and only fears that his horses might have been hurt. Monsieur Defarge runs to Gaspard (the father of the child) and says â€Å"Be brave man, my Gaspard! It is better for the poor plaything to die so, than to live. It has died in a moment without pain. Could it have lived an hour as happily† (102)? This is a heart wrenching quote that allows the reader to understand just how atrocious the peasant’s lives were; that is was a relief for a child to die quickly than to live out their life as a peasant being stepped on by the aristocracy. Dickens’ novel, although challenging to some, has a great message of hope and positive change with an enjoyable depiction of true events during the French Revolution. II. Themes The most obvious theme seen throughout the book is the idea, and need for transformation. The repetition of the words â€Å"recalled to life† presents most of the change that occurs. This theme applies to Doctor Manette, who is recalled to life when Mr. Lorry and Lucie bring him home from prison and cure his unhealthy mind, giving him another chance at having a life with his beloved daughter. Carton is also recalled to life, for example he describes himself to Lucie as â€Å"self-flung away, wasted, drunken, poor creature of misuse,† and Lucie replies by asking Carton if she can recall him to a better ways (â€Å"Overview† par 3). Carton sacrifices himself to allow Lucie to be happy. He says â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; It is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known† (360). At the end of the novel, the narrator describes what Carton’s last words would have been. He tells how Carton envisioned Lucie having a son and naming him after Carton, he says, â€Å"I see him winning it (his name) so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his. I see blots threw upon it, faded away† (360). He knows this child will live the life he should have, and in a way continue to redeem Carton for wasting his own life. Roger Cly is also seen within this theme; â€Å"Cly’s death and burial as an Old Bailey Spy, complete with an enraged London mob, is a fraud, a means of his escaping England with John Barsard. Cly, too, then, is â€Å"buried† and resurrected† (â€Å"Themes and Construction† par 4). Transformation is also evident throughout France because of the strict, evil aristocracy. The peasants believe revolting will give them the change they want, although it only makes the situation worse. Another important theme within the novel is revenge. Dickens creates entire chapters on the Marquis to show how horrid the aristocracy was, and yet he also condemns the peasants for revolting to it. Near the end of the novel, Dickens says, â€Å"Sow the same seed of rapacious licence and oppression over again, and it will surely yield the same fruit according to its kind† (355). This shows his idea that if they continue teaching their generations the same beliefs that they have, a greater change will never be obtained. Another example of the unruly people is when the do the Carmagnole around Lucie as she waits for the imprisoned Darnay to hopefully catch a glance of her. The Carmagnole was known as the dance of the revolution that was very wild and grotesque, which was headed by The Vengeance; this showed the deranged, mad actions of the peasants. Revenge is also what drives both sides of the novel (the love story and the revolution). The peasants are constantly trying to revolt against the higher-ups for revenge for their treatment. On the love side, Lucie and Darnay would have lived happily ever after had Madame Defarge not had Darnay charged and sentenced to death for revenge of her slain family by Darnay’s family. Madame Defarge’s best friend’s name is even The Vengeance, which shows how vengeful that particular group of peasants really was. Madame Defarge says, â€Å"Let me but lift my finger! She seemed to raise it, and to let it fall with a rattle on the ledge before her (Lucie), as if the axe had dropped† (325). She will not stop and be satisfied with the death of the last member of the family who killed her family; she vows to get Lucie also. When she attempts to carry out her promise, she loses her life in a tussle with Miss Pross; her incurable desire for revenge brought her own death upon her. Imprisonment is another obvious theme within the novel. Dickens begins his novel with Doctor Manette being finally released from his imprisonment. Darnay is also later imprisoned many times, and is eventually sentenced to the fate of the Guillotine. In a sense, Carton is also imprisoned but it is an internal conflict within himself rather than a physical imprisonment. He is ultimately set free by giving up his own life so that Darnay and Lucie can live theirs out together. Imprisonment also coincides with the theme of family. The importance of family is implied with the reuniting of Lucie and her long lost father. You read "Critical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities" in category "Papers" Doctor Manette was locked away for some time, and he was unable to recognize his own daughter. When Monsieur Defarge begins to question Lucie’s father, he answers with a voice that Dickens describes as â€Å"lost the life and resonance of the human voice, that it affected the senses like a once beautiful colour faded away into a poor, weak stain† (37), and the love and realization of his only family member left is what brings him out of this trance like state. Lucie marries Darnay and the hope at a long happy family is given, until Darnay’s life is to be taken. Carton realizes Lucie will only be happy with her family, and he loves her and knows she does not deserve to be without her family again, so he decides to switch places with Darnay. Class is also an evident theme within the novel that is shown mostly within the violence between the aristocracy and the peasants. The aristocracy is so arrogant, that they have no other care in the world other than themselves. The Monseigneur sees himself so highly that he must have four men to serve him his chocolate, the narrator tells the extent of this by saying, â€Å" Deep would have been the blot upon his escutcheon if his chocolate had been ignobly waited on by only three men; he must have died of two† (96). On the other side, the peasants are so low that when an innocent child is killed in the streets, the aristocracy doesn’t care, and the child’s father is told to be happy that the child is gone to a better place and doesn’t have to live the life they are living (102). III. Symbolism Dickens uses many examples of symbolism throughout his novel, many being quite evident to the reader. When wine is spilled on the streets and all of the peasants rush to it to drink all that they can, a man writes the word blood on the wall, which is exactly what the wine stood for, all the blood that will be spilled in result of the revolution. The owner of the wine shop looks at him and says, â€Å"What now? Are you a subject for the mad hospital† (29)? The owner is calling the peasant crazy for writing it, which makes him a symbol for all the crazy peasants who cause the spill of blood later on in these exact same streets. Blood is also symbolized after the reading of the old letter written by Doctor Manette, the court room is described by giving off â€Å"a sound of craving and eagerness that had nothing articulate in it but blood† (317). This exemplifies how everyone wanted the blood shed of Darnay after such evidence was found coming from Doctor Manette. Symbolism is also used with Dickens decision in use of characters. Madame Defarge and Miss Pross symbolize good and evil, and this is also shown with the families they live within. The two cities referred to in the title of the book, London and Paris are symbolized within Darnay and Carton. Darnay is the civilized London, and Carton being the corrupt Paris. Carton receives a chance at redeeming himself and making everything change for the better, which is exactly what Paris needs, and is what the peasants are all revolting for. He also uses this aspect of good and evil within the opening lines of the book, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness† (1), by beginning the book with these lines, Dickens is foreshadowing all of the dark and light events that will come about during the book. More symbolism within the characters is evident when Carton is awaiting his death and he meets his love match. This was symbolic to him in that he has done the right thing and has redeemed himself of his wasted life. Dickens narrates in the novel that the ones watching Carton die thought him to look â€Å"sublime and prophetic† (359). He was ready and content with his decision. Another example of this is Madame Defarge’s knitting. Greek Mythology links knitting to vengefulness and fate; the goddess (Nemesis) of indignation against evil deeds and undeserved fortune is the category Madame Defarge falls into (â€Å"Nemesis† par. 1). The Golden Thread is also a symbol; it is referring to Lucie because she weaves herself through people’s lives and brings them into a chance at having a better future (her father, and Carton). The Marquis is a symbol of corrupt France. â€Å"It appeared, under the circumstances, rather agreeable to him to see the common people dispersed before his horses, and often barely escaping from being run down† (101). He obviously enjoys the torment and fear of the peasants and has no sympathy for them at all, which is symbolic of the whole French aristocracy’s feelings. They viewed the peasants â€Å"as if they had been mere rats come out of their holes† (102). Another very important symbol dealing with the revolution is the Guillotine. â€Å"All the devouring and insatiate Monsters imagined since imagination could record itself, are fused in the one realization, Guillotine† (355). This is how Dickens describes the guillotine to show how appalling and evil of a symbol it stood as during this time. The guillotine was also referred to in the novel as the â€Å"sharp female newly-born† (241) showing its popular role in the revolution. IV. Irony Dickens uses many different examples of dramatic, verbal, and situational irony to add excitement to his novel. Verbal irony is evident as the book progresses. It is discovered that Jerry Cruncher is not an honest tradesman, but a sneaky resurrection man. He ruins his honesty title by lying to his son about his job and saying that he is only going fishing. The verbal irony within this is when Jerry is called â€Å"an honest tradesman† (155). Dramatic irony is shown when Carton trades places with Darnay. It is ironic because we know what has happened and no one else is yet aware, and then everyone but Darnay’s family believes he is really put to death. The Vengeance says, â€Å"Evermonde will be despatched in a wink, and she not here! (357). She, along with everyone else, believes the Evermonde family is about to be finally vanquished. Situational irony occurs when an old letter written by Doctor Manette is brought into Darnay’s trial, it is a written account of how the Evermondes raped and killed a helpless woman and her family which is evidence condemning Darnay’s name. It is never expected that Doctor Manette could be used against Darnay because he has accomplished so much to help him. â€Å"And all the worse for the doomed man, that the denouncer was a well-known citizen, his own attached friend, the father of his wife† (318). Another example of situational irony is Doctor Manette becoming the father-in-law of a member of the family who almost took his life away from him forever. V. Characterization Dickens depicts his characters well, and spends line upon line describing them to allow the reader to gather the image he wants them to see. Sydney Carton is the most dynamic, and the author shows this by writing how his thoughts clear and he decides to trade places with Darnay out of his love for Lucie and want for her to keep her family together that she so strongly needs after her growing up an orphan. Doctor Manette is shown as a man of mystery in the beginning of the story, â€Å"every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other† (10). He is a mystery to Lucie and Mr. Lorry, and then Dickens brings him out of his shell by giving him a relationship with Lucie. With the characters Carton and Doctor Manette, the author shows us how vital relationships are, and how they can affect a person and their actions. Dickens doesn’t characterize Lucie and Darnay very much, but in a sense he has no need to because the other characters control their fate. Dickens chose Madame Defarge to depict the revolution; and it is her vengeful attitude is what brings her to her death, when she goes after Lucie and is shot during a fight with Mrs. Pross (352). VI. Point of View Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities in third person omniscient, and he reveals thoughts, emotions, and reasons for each characters actions along with historical text which adds much spice to the novel. By choosing to write in third person omniscient he keeps established, clear motives and does not keep the writer in the dark about anything which keeps them itching to read further. This also adds much effect on the book when Carton surprisingly buys drugs and exchanges places with Darnay. VII. Conclusion A Tale of Two Cities is a novel that has thrived throughout the years, and is so appealing because it is a mixture of true historical events entwined within a love story. Dickens was a very talented writer, but it is best for a reader to do prior research before they engulf in the task of reading the novel because Dickens uses so many words to describe one person, place, or thing which makes it difficult for many readers to keep their mind within the book. For example, in the very first chapter of the book, Dickens uses two and a half pages just to tell about France and England rather just coming out with what was going on at the time. Works Cited Atsma, Aaron J. â€Å"NEMESIS : Greek Goddess of Retribution Indignation | Mythology, W/ Pictures. † THEOI GREEK MYTHOLOGY, Exploring Mythology the Greek Gods in Classical Literature Art. Theoi Project, 13 Oct. 2000. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. http://www. theoi. com/Daimon/Nemesis. html. Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. 1859. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall, 2005. Print. How to cite Critical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities, Papers

Music File Sharing and Should It Be Legal Essay Example For Students

Music File Sharing and Should It Be Legal Essay Should Music-sharing Programs be outlawed in the United States? Research Question: Should music-sharing programs be outlawed in the United States? The reason I chose to research the topic dealing with illegal music-sharing and the websites that facilitates this was because I think that we are ALL guilty of this at one time or another in our lives. How far do we need to go in order to police files sharing online, specifically music files? I hope to be able formulate an answer to these questions in my research. I personally wanted to look into this query because as a Caucasian I find myself hearing more and more free music on the internet every day. I started to wonder if as artists we are starting to slowly let our guard down and relinquish our music to the people that want to hear it without legal repercussions. Music file sharing seems like it has become the norm amongst any avid internet user, I will also take a look at what programs are preferred and what others are doing to fight the people sharing the music. Boolean Operators: The Boolean Operators that I used originally was AND as well as + in between the two words music and sharing. After using the above Boolean operators I had enough search results populate that I was able to print out the resources and use them towards my research. If there were not as many results as there were, I would have put the entire search in quotation marks. Annotated Bibliography: Illegal File Sharing Threatens the Future of the Music Industry. What Is the Future of the Music Industry? De. Roman Espies. Detroit: Greengages Press, 2009. At Issue. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Gale. Web. 12 May 2011. This source was essential in my paper by providing me with insight into what the actual spirit and letter of the away contains. Through reading this article I was able to briefly explain what the penalty is and what level crime piracy holds. It was also effective is explaining that there are different laws for piracy for piracy of music and piracy of images/recorded images. Overall an informative article. Humphreys, Stephen. Spottily: A new bounty of free music. The Christian Science Monitor. 20 August 2009. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Gale. Web. 12 May 2011. This source was somewhat informative but after reading it through I realized that it would have been more insightful if they also talked about other software innovations Music File Sharing and Should It Be Legal By bedroom my paper by sighting the fact that companies are using technology to fight technology. Overall the article was moderate at best. Hunt, Ken. File-sharing Copyrighted Media Helps to Advance Technology. Globe and Mail. 27 Novo. 2007. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Gale. Web. 12 May 2011. In this source Hunt really does a fantastic Job in taking the devils advocate position on the whole topic. There is argument that piracy can do good in society in the sense that the art gets out to more of the people and therefore cultures them. He also goes onto explain that companies like Google and Microsoft have used software pirates to gain their position on the global map. This source I would say was the one that I agreed with the most and found the most merit in. Tansy, Barnett. New tactic fights file sharing. San Francisco Chronicle. 20 DCE. 2008. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Gale. Web. 12 May 2011. I appreciate this source for a couple reasons. First off, Tansy explains how the ARIA will be searching our new and intuitive ways to crack down on piracy. Though keeping with their standard courtroom approach they will also be working with Internet providers to find users who are pirating and file sharing. Secondly, it explained how the ARIA knows that it cant stop everyone from file sharing but it encourages people to use alternatives to piracy, I. E. Tunes or any other music distributors. It goes to show that they are legitimately try to give money back to the music industry, artists and labels. As an artist I can appreciate that. Outsell, Ivory. If piracy is wrong, why does it feel so right? Globe ; Mail. 16 May 2009. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Gale. Web. 12 May 2011. Akai MPC2000 MIDI Production Center EssayThe same thing happened with the application Greenshank. They offered a monthly rate to stream any song you wanted but Apple soon discontinued the application. So how else can they battle file sharing? The Recording Industry Association of America (ARIA) says that theyll be reducing their courtroom fights but instead start to deal with Internet providers. Those companies who have found themselves in the middle of the music-sharing wars because they have been forced by subpoena to disclose the names of customers whose computers were used to swap songs online (Tansy). There is a lot of red tape when it comes to terms of service by and internet provider and to try to enforce an internet band on someone who has been accused of file sharing seems far to harsh in my opinion. So I see this as even a logistical nightmare when it comes to cracking down on piracy. Fines and imprisonment seem to only cost taxpayers more money in a society where our economy is crippled and we are at war. If music sharing is so wrong then why do we find ourselves burning Cads from friends of emailing songs to one another? I honestly believe that everyone I know at one time has shared a file illegally. Will there ever be a time in America where we will adhere to the protocol of file sharing? Copyright has always been a study in contradictions. Western culture has long been at odds as to whether works of art along solely to their creators or also to a nation or to humanity (Outsell). People expect music to be readily available in the most expedient way possible. So Americans have adopted a Free Culture (Outsell) movement, where if we find things to be too expensive or not handy enough, then we find our way to circumvent the problem and attain the media with any means necessary. There have been more good thing. If it was up to the major record labels there wouldnt be MPH players; there wouldnt be online It seems as though in the past and in the history of any new technological innovation that the hegemony has deemed it to be pirate technology (Hunt). What does the future hold for music file sharing? Its hard to say be if there continues to be no real threat of getting caught then peo ple will continue to share without regard. Just as they would driving MPH over the speed limit or making illegal U-turns, sure there is a risk but it is a risk they we all choose to take and with a satisfying reward.